在電(dian)(dian)機啟動的過程(cheng)當中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)機內部具有多個(ge)組件的需(xu)求(qiu)，有很多在電(dian)(dian)機啟動時，需(xu)要(yao)注意優化(hua)的地方(fang)，需(xu)要(yao)做一個(ge)軟(ruan)起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)機起(qi)動方(fang)式，節(jie)能減排在制動方(fang)面的優化(hua)，因此，為達(da)到最佳效果。在交流電(dian)(dian)機的使(shi)用中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)一個(ge)非常高(gao)的技術，需(xu)要(yao)應用于(yu)高(gao)科技產品，以確(que)保電(dian)(dian)機的正常啟動。

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)在(zai)工作時需要(yao)大(da)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)在(zai)起動時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流需要(yao)比目前的(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流要(yao)大(da)得多，額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為6倍。在(zai)這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)會大(da)于正常工作的(de)影響，這會增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)損耗，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)使用壽命，即使當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大(da)時，其他零件的(de)機(ji)器內部損壞。在(zai)這種情況下，人們開始關注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)軟啟(qi)動的(de)研究(jiu)，希望通過(guo)相關的(de)技術，讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)平(ping)穩啟(qi)動。

　　1.電(dian)機軟啟動(dong)原理

　　現有(you)的(de)電(dian)機軟(ruan)起(qi)動技(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)主要是對(dui)三相交流(liu)異(yi)(yi)步電(dian)動機的(de)主控起(qi)動啟動，通過采(cai)用三相交流(liu)異(yi)(yi)步電(dian)動機來實現電(dian)動機的(de)控制，為電(dian)機的(de)啟動和停止提供保護(hu)。這種技(ji)術(shu)被廣泛應用于工業、工業領域，取代(dai)傳統的(de)Y /三角(jiao)洲從這一技(ji)術(shu)開始(shi)，并取得了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)效果。

　　三三相反并聯(lian)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)(SCR)可以調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓軟(ruan)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)，軟(ruan)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)調節器(qi)(qi)，當(dang)三相反并聯(lian)晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和所起(qi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)定子，當(dang)你點(dian)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)內部，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)將在電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓慢速度(du)的(de)(de)作用(yong)下，當(dang)速度(du)達到期望的(de)(de)速度(du)時(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)將實現全導(dao)通，然后點(dian)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)相同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，可以實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)軟(ruan)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)，也與機(ji)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)性能，如開始(shi)讓(rang)整個過(guo)程的(de)(de)順(shun)利進行。在這種(zhong)情況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)正常運行在保護晶(jing)(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)時(shi)，讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)受到較少的(de)(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)和損失，因此(ci)它可以大(da)大(da)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)保持良好的(de)(de)工作狀態。

　　2.異(yi)步電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)軟啟動(dong)(dong)軟啟動(dong)(dong)技(ji)術

　　2.1晶(jing)閘(zha)管交流調壓軟啟動

　　晶閘管交(jiao)流調壓軟啟(qi)動主要是通(tong)過改變晶閘管的(de)(de)連接(jie)方式(shi)(shi)，傳統的(de)(de)連接(jie)方式(shi)(shi)連接(jie)到(dao)三繞組，使(shi)并(bing)聯方式(shi)(shi)實現電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)并(bing)聯。晶閘管軟起動器具有很強的(de)(de)適(shi)應性(xing)，因此用戶可以(yi)根據自己不同的(de)(de)需要對電(dian)(dian)機進(jin)行適(shi)當調整(zheng)，通(tong)過相應的(de)(de)變化，啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)機更適(shi)合自己的(de)(de)需要。

　　2.2軟(ruan)起(qi)動器(qi)三相交流調壓(ya)原理(li)

　　三相交流調壓(ya)(ya)軟起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)充分利用交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)特性曲(qu)線(xian)，交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)，如(ru)采用交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)特性曲(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)軟啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)思想是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)軟起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)思想。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)主要(yao)用途是晶閘(zha)管(guan)內三的(de)(de)晶閘(zha)管(guan)串聯(lian)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)上，并通過觸發(fa)脈沖(chong)，大小(xiao)的(de)(de)觸發(fa)角(jiao)控(kong)(kong)制，實現(xian)(xian)開啟時間的(de)(de)變化。在(zai)這(zhe)種情(qing)況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)輸入將能夠(gou)保持足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)來控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)被額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，然(ran)后三個旁(pang)路接觸器(qi)會(hui)在(zai)一起(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)將能夠(gou)實現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行。

　　3.軟啟動相對于傳統的優勢開始

　　“軟(ruan)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”不僅可(ke)以大大降(jiang)低(di)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵，延長零件壽(shou)命的(de)(de)傳輸系統的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，同時也大大縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)沖擊時間，減(jian)少對電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)沖擊熱負(fu)荷，從(cong)(cong)而節約能(neng)源，延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作生活(huo)。此外，通過(guo)使用(yong)“軟(ruan)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”技術(shu)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選擇將能(neng)夠選擇一個較(jiao)小的(de)(de)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，這也可(ke)以減(jian)少不必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)設(she)備投資。星三角起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組線(xian)的(de)(de)改(gai)變，從(cong)(cong)而改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，降(jiang)低(di)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車上的(de)(de)減(jian)少的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)在(zai)允許的(de)(de)范圍(wei)內(要(yao)求不超(chao)過(guo)母線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)10%額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya))，自耦(ou)變壓(ya)器啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)低(di)，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過(guo)耦(ou)合變壓(ya)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

　　4.結語

　　隨著(zhu)科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提高，軟啟動電(dian)機(ji)，目前已(yi)取得了很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)，，中(zhong)國已(yi)經(jing)能(neng)夠自主生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)機(ji)軟啟動裝置，隨著(zhu)研究(jiu)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)深入，其價(jia)格越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)低(di)，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)。隨著(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)軟啟動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)推廣(guang)和普(pu)及，它可以大(da)大(da)減少起(qi)(qi)動時對電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞，節約能(neng)源，降(jiang)低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成本。相(xiang)信隨著(zhu)電(dian)機(ji)軟起(qi)(qi)動器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)進步(bu)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)將變得更加經(jing)濟、安(an)全。